分布式光伏發電站的工作(zuo)原理(li)是由(you)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)(chi)將太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)轉化為(wei)電能(neng)。因為(wei)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)(chi)可以(yi)直接從陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)中發電，這是我們擁有的可靠(kao)的發電技(ji)術之一(yi)，這就是為(wei)什么太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)(chi)被廣泛應用于太(tai)(tai)空和(he)偏(pian)遠地區(qu)。

　　分布式光伏發電站太陽能(neng)電池是由硅原子(zi)制成(cheng)的(de)。把原子(zi)想象成(cheng)積木——就像樂高積木一樣，但是因為原子(zi)太小(xiao)了，太陽能(neng)發電站你(ni)需要特殊的(de)工(gong)具才(cai)能(neng)看到它們。太陽能(neng)電池是由硅晶圓制成(cheng)的(de)，硅晶圓的(de)大小(xiao)和餐(can)盤(pan)差(cha)不(bu)多(duo)，但要薄得多(duo)，只(zhi)有(you)正常頭(tou)發的(de)三倍厚。

　　將硅層轉化為太陽能電池板需要一個特殊的過程(cheng)。硅層被(bei)加熱到1000攝氏度(du)，并在硅層的背面放置金屬片。

　　當60塊太陽能電池準備好后，它們將被附著在一層玻璃上，制成太陽能電池板。通常，屋頂太陽能發電系統有10到50塊(kuai)太陽(yang)能電池(chi)板，而(er)農村太陽(yang)能農場有數百萬塊(kuai)電池(chi)板。

　　每個硅原子(zi)都包含微小、重量輕的(de)電子(zi)，這些(xie)電子(zi)攜帶少量電荷。當陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)落(luo)在太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)板上時，它會擊(ji)中其中一個電子(zi)，并將其擊(ji)出軌道。被擊(ji)中的(de)電子(zi)可以自由移動，但電池(chi)的(de)特殊結構使它們只能(neng)(neng)向一個方向移動，即朝向太陽(yang)(yang)。

　　所(suo)以(yi)當(dang)(dang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)射在(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上時，許多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)脫離(li)每個硅原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都包(bao)含微小(xiao)的(de)(de)輕(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，攜帶少量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。當(dang)(dang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)射到太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)(ban)上時，它(ta)會(hui)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊(ji)其(qi)中一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，并(bing)把它(ta)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)出(chu)軌(gui)道。被擊(ji)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)自(zi)由(you)移(yi)動(dong)，但(dan)由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)特(te)殊結構，它(ta)們只能(neng)(neng)朝一個方向移(yi)動(dong)，即朝向太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。因此，當(dang)(dang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)照(zhao)射在(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上時，許多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)將脫離(li)軌(gui)道，成為自(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。由(you)于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)只能(neng)(neng)向上移(yi)動(dong)，產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)驅動(dong)家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)射在(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上越多，越多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脫離(li)軌(gui)道，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)越大。如果天氣不明朗，撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)將減少，產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將減少75%或更多。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力完全依(yi)賴電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或其(qi)他(ta)能(neng)(neng)源時，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)(ban)在(zai)晚上不會(hui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。軌(gui)道，變成自(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。由(you)于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性(xing)質，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)只能(neng)(neng)向上移(yi)動(dong)，產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)驅動(dong)家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

　　陽光照射在太(tai)陽能電池上越(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)，就會有越(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)電子(zi)(zi)脫離軌(gui)道，電流(liu)也(ye)就越(yue)(yue)大。如(ru)果(guo)天氣不晴朗，撞擊電子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)數量會減少(shao)，產生的(de)(de)電流(liu)會減少(shao)75%或(huo)更多(duo)(duo)。當電力(li)完全(quan)依賴電池或(huo)其他電力(li)來源時，太(tai)陽能電池板在晚上不發電。

　　我(wo)們如何使用太陽(yang)能電池?

　　分布式光伏發電站的(de)發(fa)電方式，甚至比新建的(de)燃煤電廠或核電站還要便宜。這就是(shi)(shi)為什么太陽能電池的(de)安裝速度是(shi)(shi)煤炭的(de)5倍，是(shi)(shi)核能的(de)20倍。

　　以太陽(yang)能(neng)和風(feng)能(neng)為動力(li)的電(dian)動汽(qi)車可以取(qu)代污染(ran)嚴重的汽(qi)油汽(qi)車。太陽(yang)能(neng)和風(feng)能(neng)也(ye)可以用來加熱和冷卻房屋(wu)，而不是用煤和天然(ran)氣來加熱。

　　太陽能和風能有助于減少(shao)破壞地(di)球的(de)溫室氣(qi)體排放(fang)，與其他能源(yuan)相(xiang)比，它們更(geng)(geng)便宜(yi)，而且會變得更(geng)(geng)便宜(yi)。如果我(wo)們使(shi)(shi)用更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)風能或太陽能，我(wo)們就可以加速減少(shao)對地(di)球有害的(de)傳統能源(yuan)(如煤、石油和天然(ran)氣(qi))的(de)使(shi)(shi)用。